EXIT procedure for fetal neck masses

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Abstract
The ex-utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT procedure) can be life-saving for fetuses with large neck masses. Advances in fetal imaging and access to prenatal care have improved the ability to anticipate and plan for the treatment of these fetuses. This review will highlight advances in imaging techniques, modification of anesthesia and case selection for the EXIT procedure. Long-term maternal and fetal outcomes will also be discussed. There have been relatively few articles published on this subject in the past 18 months. A better understanding of the effect of inhalational anesthetics on fetal cardiac function and some insight into the pharmacokinetics of narcotics while on uteroplacental support has been gained. Imaging characteristics that may improve patient selection have been proposed. The long-term outcomes of mothers undergoing fetal surgical procedures in general and specifically those undergoing EXIT procedures suggest that the EXIT procedure can be performed with minimal maternal morbidity in skilled hands. Furthermore, long-term neonatal outcomes appear to be improving, but further studies are needed. The EXIT procedure can be performed safely in a skilled multidisciplinary setting with minimal maternal and fetal morbidity and excellent fetal outcomes. Recent reports have helped further identify which fetuses will benefit from the EXIT procedure.