Synthesis and application of highly ordered arrays of TiO2 nanotubes

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Abstract
Highly ordered, vertically oriented TiO2 nanotube arrays fabricated by potentiostatic anodization of titanium constitute a material architecture that offers a large internal surface area without a concomitant decrease in geometric and structural order. The precisely oriented nature of the crystalline (after annealing) nanotube arrays makes them excellent electron percolation pathways for vectorial charge transfer between interfaces. Herein are briefly considered their fabrication, as well as their initial application to hydrogen gas sensing, solar generation of hydrogen by water photoelectrolysis, and in heterojunction solar cells.