Peptide Antagonists of the Human Estrogen Receptor

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Abstract
Estrogen receptor α transcriptional activity is regulated by distinct conformational states that are the result of ligand binding. Phage display was used to identify peptides that interact specifically with either estradiol- or tamoxifen-activated estrogen receptor α. When these peptides were coexpressed with estrogen receptor α in cells, they functioned as ligand-specific antagonists, indicating that estradiol-agonist and tamoxifen–partial agonist activities do not occur by the same mechanism. The ability to regulate estrogen receptor α transcriptional activity by targeting sites outside of the ligand-binding pocket has implications for the development of estrogen receptor α antagonists for the treatment of tamoxifen-refractory breast cancers.