Sex-role stereotyping in television commercials: A verbal response mode and content analysis.

Abstract
The degree of sex-role stereotyping in television commercials was assessed using both a verbal response mode (VRM) and a content analysis. A total of 120 commercials (60 daytime and 60 primetime), each depicting an adult male-female dyad verbally interacting, were drawn from a larger sample of commercials aired between October 1983 and January 1984 on the major North American networks. The results of the two analyses were quite consistent and revealed a more sex-stereotyped pattern of male-female differences in daytime than in primetime commercials. On the whole, the results indicate that sex-role stereotyping still exists in television commercials and that it is present at subtle as well as obvious levels of analysis.

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