Population Biology and Genetics of Winter House Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Populations

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Abstract
Population biology and genetic variability of house flies, Musca domestica L., surviving indoors were studied during four winters in a diary barn and three swine farrowing sheds in central Iowa. Adult age structure was monitored in natural populations and in marked and released flies. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis resolved allozymes at six loci. In the dairy, insemination rates and the proportions of parous flies were significantly less during winter than in summer fly populations. Age grading showed delayed vitellogenesis and oviposition in winter. There were large shifts in allele frequencies associated with founding of indoor populations in autumn and founding of outdoor populations in spring. Allele frequencies were temporally homogeneous during winter. Average gene frequencies were much the same in autumn and late spring.

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