Liquid immiscibility in metal systems

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Abstract
An analysis is made of liquid immiscibility in metal systems. It is shown that the simple Hildebrand rule, which holds for non-polar liquids, can be modified to apply to metal systems, by the introduction of a new term which allows for the increased energy due to a difference in electronegativity of the components. The electronegativity term involves the maximum number of bonds which can form between two given metals, and is considered to be a function of their relative atomic sizes. On the theory suggested, out of a total of 529 alloy systems considered, 426 can be accounted for compared with 312 on the simple Hildebrand rule. Of the exceptions, several can be explained on the basis of errors in the calculation of the energy factors involved, and others can be brought into agreement on the assumption that the electronegativities of some specified elements vary with the elements with which they are alloyed. The application of the modified hypothesis to ternary systems is discussed.