Cytology of Norway spruce needles

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Abstract
The structural changes in the albuminous, endodermal and mesophyll cells in the ageing needles of different aged healthy spruces (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) were studied on material collected in Germany and in Finland in winter. The results are considered as background information for the studies dealing with the structural changes in spruces suffering from biotic or abiotic stresses e. g., from the polluted air. Both light and electron microscopes were used.