Morphological studies of the mandible of the indonesian native pigs and seven types of Asian wild boars.

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Abstract
To clarify the relationship between 3 types of Indonesian native pigs (Bali, Batak of North Sumatra, and Toraja of South Sulawesi) and 7 populations of Asian wild boars (Honshu, Kyushu and Amami of Japan; Taiwan, Sumatra and Sulawesi of Indonesia; and Thai), the multivariate craniometric comparisons using 10 mandibular measurements were carried out. Seven populations of Asian wild boars were separated into 3 groups by sizes: small, medium and large, based on the discrimination by the 1st principal component acceptable as a size vector. The 2nd principal component, acceptable as a shape vector, also contributed towards the discrimination of the small-sized group from the other groups. There is a complete overlapping of the principal component chart between the Batak native pigs and Toraja native pigs, both of which are short-eared. These 2 pigs occupy the intermediate situation between the small-sized wild boar and the medium-sized one, when they are projected into the axis of the 1st component. When they are projected into the axis of the 2nd component, these 2 pigs fell in the medium-sized group of the wild boar. The Bali native pig, which is a Hainun type of the native pig, is probably to be separated both from the wild boars and from other native pigs. The proportion of the ramus of the mandible to the body of the mandible seems to be an important discriminator in its shape, since the eigenvectors of measurements belonging to the ramus of the mandible show negative values, whereas those belonging to the body of the mandible show positive ones, in the 2nd component.

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