Effects of arachidonic acid, prostaglandins, retinol, retinoic acid and cholecalciferol on xenobiotic oxidations catalysed by human cytochrome P450 enzymes

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Abstract
1. Effects of arachidonic acid, prostaglandins, retinol, retinoic acid and cholecalciferol on xenobiotic oxidations catalysed by 12 recombinant human cytochrome P450 (P450 or CYP) enzymes and by human liver microsomes have been investigated. 2. Arachidonic acid (50 microM) significantly inhibited CYP1A1- and 1A2-dependent 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylations, CYP2C8-dependent taxol 6alpha-hydroxylation and CYP2C19-dependent R-warfarin 7-hydroxylation. This chemical also inhibited slightly the xenobiotic oxidations catalysed by CYP1B1, 2B6, 2C9, 2D6, 2E1 and 3A4 in recombinant enzyme systems. 3. Retinol, retinoic acid and cholecalciferol were strong inhibitors for xenobiotic oxidations catalysed by recombinant CYP1A1, 2C8 and 2C19. 4. Dixon plots of inhibitions of CYP1A1-, 1A2-, 2C8- and 2C19-dependent xenobiotic oxidations by arachidonic acid, of CYP1A1-, 2B6- and 2C19-dependent activities by retinol, and of CYP1A1- and 2C19-dependent activities by cholecalciferol indicated that these chemicals inhibit P450 activities mainly through a competitive mechanism. 5. In human liver microsomes, arachidonic acid inhibited CYP1A2-dependent theophylline hydroxylation, CYP2C8-dependent taxol 6alpha-hydroxylation and CYP2C19-dependent omeprazole 5-hydroxylation. Taxol 6alpha-hydroxylation was also inhibited by retinol and retinoic acid, and omeprazole 5-hydroxylation was inhibited by retinol in human liver microsomes. 6. These results suggest that xenobiotic oxidations by P450 enzymes are affected by endobiotic chemicals and that the endobiotic-xenobiotic interactions as well as drug-drug interactions may be of great importance when understanding the basis for pharmacological and toxicological actions of a number of xenobiotic chemicals.