The Thermal Effect in the Elongation and Relaxation of Rubber

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Abstract
Samples of natural rubber and synthetic rubber were stretched, and the temperature rises were followed by a thermocouple. The heat evolution was found to correspond to an adiabatic process. The study of the dependence of the heat effect (the Gough-Joule effect) on time shows that, while stretched, rubber crystallizes slowly and the phenomenon can be followed experimentally for several hours. The final stage of crystallization is probably a first-order reaction, the velocity constant of which is nearly independent of the percentage elongation and which has a small temperature coefficient. On the contrary, fusion following release of the applied stress is relatively rapid.

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