Semi-Quantitative Analysis of Hydrocarbon Mixtures by Gas Chromatography Without Complete Separation of Components

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Abstract
A method has been developed for the semi-quantitative analysis of hydrocarbon mixtures in terms of (a) individual normal paraffins, (b) olefins, (c) aromatics, (d) isoparaffins and/or naphthenes. For (b), (c), and (d), the constituents may be individual substances of the type stated or mixtures of several substances which cannot be separated under the conditions used. The results can be used if desired to obtain a hydrocarbon type analysis. The technique depends on the measurement of relative peak areas obtained by gas chromatography on Apiezon L before and after treatments designed to successively remove olefins, aromatics, and normal paraffins. The amount by which each peak does not increase in relative area as much as the peak of maximum increase is taken as a measurement of the component removed from it by the treatment. The method has been illustrated by the analysis of a synthetic mixture of thirteen hydrocarbons and of a high boiling neutral oil produced by the low-temperature carbonization of bituminous coal. Satisfactory semi-quantitative analyses have been obtained, and these have been found capable of revealing a much larger number of components in a mixture than is indicated by the original chromatogram. The limitations of the method appear to be associated with the efficiency of the reagents used to remove hydrocarbon types and the variability of different substances with regard to thermal conductivity response.

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