Pneumococcal Resistance to β-Lactam Antibiotics: A Global Geographic Overview
- 1 January 1995
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Mary Ann Liebert Inc in Microbial Drug Resistance
- Vol. 1 (2) , 115-120
- https://doi.org/10.1089/mdr.1995.1.115
Abstract
β-lactam resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae has spread over the entire world. The 10 main foci of resistant organisms are located in the following areas: (1) southwest Europe (Spain, France, Portugal), (2) central-east Europe (Hungary, Roumania, Bulgaria, Turkey) and Israel, (3) northwest Russia, (4) South Africa, (5) Japan and South Korea, (6) Papua-New Guinea, (7) Alaska, (8) southeast North America, (9) southwest North America, and (10) south cone in South America. A comparison of the presumed factors influencing the increase of pneumococcal resistance in these foci with those occurring in low incidence areas, such as central-north Europe, Scandinavia, north and western Africa, or middle-north Mediterranean countries (Italy, Greece) should provide the clues to predict and prevent further spread of resistant pneumococci.Keywords
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