Some basic entomological factors concerned with the transmission and control of malaria in Northern Nigeria

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Abstract
Immediate and delayed sporozoite rates of Anopheles gambiae Giles and A. funestus Giles were obtained during the wet season from the Kaduna area of the Northern Guinea Savannah of Nigeria. From these figures the average daily mortalities of A. gambiae and A. funestus were found to be 10 and 11% respectively. Basic entomologic?l factors directly concerned in the transmission of malaria were calculated, such as the gametocyte and inoculation rates, index of malaria stability, basic reproduction rate of malaria and expectation of life of the vectors. It was shown in Northern Nigeria, where A. gambiae and A. funestus are efficient vectors and where malaria is in a very stable state, that an increase of at least 35-40% in the daily mortalities is needed in the wet season before control can be achieved. A comparison was made of the sporozoite rates and intensity of malaria transmission in both the Northern Guinea Savannah and the Sudan Savannah in the dry and wet seasons. The importance of further studies on the assessment of the basic entomological factors involved in the transmission of malaria, and on the mortalities needed for eradication, and those actually acheived by insecticides, is discussed.

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