MATERNAL, PERINATAL AND INFANT HEALTH IN BEDOUIN AND JEWS IN SOUTHERN ISRAEL

  • 1 January 1977
    • journal article
    • research article
    • Vol. 13  (5) , 514-528
Abstract
A study was made of 3745 Bedouin and 9422 Jewish babies born in 1972-73 to residents of the Beersheba district of southern Israel (the Negev). Newborn infants weighing less than 1 kg were excluded. Thirty-seven percent of the Bedouin babies were born at home; their mothers tended to be older and of higher parity than those choosing to deliver in hospital. Less than 6% of Bedouin mothers had been to school, compared with 90% of the Jews; 30% were aged under 20 or over 34 yr, compared with 18% of the Jews, and 23% were having their 7th or later baby, compared with 12% of the Jews. Mean birth weight of babies born in hospital was about 200 g lower in Bedouin than in Jews, and 11.4% of Bedouin and 6.5% of Jewish infants weighed less than 2.5 kg. There was little variation in complications of labor between the 1959 Bedouin and 8877 Jewish women delivered in Beersheba''s Soroka Medical Center. The cesarean section rate was 1.8% in Bedouin and 4.3% in Jews, while in 0.3% of Bedouin and 1.4% of Jews labor was induced. Monozygous twinning rates were similar in the 2 ethnic groups (4.8 and 4.5 sets/1000 deliveries, respectively) but dizygous twinning was twice as common among the Bedouin as among the Jews (13.0 vs. 6.0 sets/1000). Male births accounted for 0.526 and 0.512 of the total in Bedouin and Jews, respectively. Perinatal mortality rates for hospital births were 31.1 and 18.3/1000 in Bedouin and Jews, respectively. Infant deaths among Bedouin (31.0/1000) were under-reported; the rate was 16.8/1000 for Jewish infants. Althohgh rates of all specific causes of death were higher in Bedouin than in Jews, patterns of mortality in subgroups based on birth weight, sex, twinning and maternal age were quite similar in the 2 ethnic groups. There were 6 reported deaths from tetanus among Bedouin babies. For the cohort of babies born in 1972, admissions to the Soroka Medical Center pediatric wards were recorded in 366 (195.5/1000) Bedouin and 787 (174.3/1000) Jewish babies younger than the age of 1 yr. Bedouin admission rates were higher than those of Jews for gastroenteritis (119.1 and 64.5/1000, respectively), infectious and parasitic diseases (29.4 and 21.9), malnutrition (25.6 and 8.0) and external causes (10.1 and 4.4). Admission rates for bronchitis and pneumonia were lower among Bedouin than Jews in the first 6 mo. of life.