Long‐term Outcome in Children with Temporal Lobe Seizures. IV: Genetic Factors, Febrile Convulsions and the Remission of Seizures

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Abstract
Three groups of children are considered: 100 children with temporal lobe epilepsy, 59 of whom had also had febrile convulsions; their 214 sibs; and an unselected sample of 438 children with febrile convulsions. When the family history is positive for seizures, the adverse factors described in previous papers in this series do not discriminate between those who remit their epilepsy and those who do not. Interactions between age of onset, family history and outcome are displayed. In the absence of an affected relative, none of 26 children with an onset below 4 yr remitted. Six had their 1st seizure at a later age, of whom 3 remitted. In the presence of a 1st-degree affected relative, 10 out of 19 remitted: age of onset was cut off at 2 yr 9 mo. Eight children had 2nd-degree affected relatives; there were 4 remissions, all with onset after 3 years. The proportion of simple benign febrile convulsions in 438 unselected children who had fits with fever were compared with the same ratio in the probands'' affected siblings. The 2 ratios were the same. One gene promoting febrile seizures was common to both groups. The siblings of those probands who remitted their seizures had a 38% risk of seizures; the siblings of non-remitters had an 11% risk. A new genetic theory is proposed to account for these data. Practical considerations include genetic advice, the necessity of weaning some patients from anticonvulsants, and early discrimination of those likely to need neurosurgical relief of their epilepsy.