Combined Neoplastic Effects of Vaccinia Virus and 3-Methylcholanthrene. I. Studies With Mice of Different Inbred Strains2

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Abstract
Mice of 8 inbred strains were resistant to dermal infection by vaccinia virus inoculated into the skin of the flank. Cortisone treatment before vaccinia inoculation followed by 5 paintings with α 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA) solution of 1% in benzene over flanks and back caused: 1) local skin ulceration by vaccinia, 2) enhancement of this lesion by MCA, and 3) evolution of ulcers into skin tumors. The mouse strains tested varied in their skin responses both to vaccinia and to MCA given separately or together in the same manner; these responses were severe in BALB/c and C3HeB/Fe mice, moderate in A mice, weak in C58 mice, very weak in DBA/1, DBA/2, and B10.D2 mice, and undetectable in AKR mice. Skin susceptibility to vaccinia inoculation and to MCA painting was low in those strains showing a high incidence of leukemia, either spontaneous (AKR and C58) or MCA-induced (DBA/1 and DBA/2). BALB/c and AKR mice, representing the observed extremes of susceptibility and resistance, respectively, had similar degrees of immunosuppression by cortisone and MCA, as judged by lymphocyte depletion of the thymus and spleen. This immunosuppression was apparently a major factor in the skin susceptibility of BALB/c mice to vaccinia but had no effect on the resistance of AKR mice to the virus.

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