Use of Robots in Surgery: Development of a Frame for Prostatectomy

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Abstract
The potential contribution of robots in surgery is considerable, as they are capable of precise placement of their end effector in space with an accuracy that is impossible for a surgeon. One of the main reasons for the limited use of robots in surgery relates to safety issues. However, if a special-purpose robot were constructed, it could be made physically safe, as it would be possible to introduce mechanical stops to limit the range of movement of the robot to a safe area. This article describes the use of a special safety frame, the first stage in the development of a purpose-built robot for prostatectomy, in 30 patients awaiting elective prostatectomy for urodynamically proved prostatic outflow obstruction.