How astrophysical mean field dynamos can circumvent existing quenching constraints

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Abstract
Mean field dynamo theory is a leading candidate to explain the observed large scale magnetic fields of galaxies and stars. However, controversy arises over the extent of premature quenching by the backreaction of the growing field. We distinguish between rapid mean field dynamo action, which is required by astrophysical systems, and resistively limited action. We show how the flow of magnetic helicity is important for rapid action. Existing numerical and analytic work suggesting that mean field dynamos are prematurely quenched and resistively limited include approximations or boundary conditions which suppress the magnetic helicity flow from the outset. Thus they do not unambiguously reveal whether real astrophysical mean field dynamos are dynamically suppressed when the helicity flow is allowed. An outflow of helicity also implies an outflow of magnetic energy and so active coronae or winds should accompany mean field dynamos. Open boundaries alone may not be sufficient for rapid dynamo action and the additional physics of buoyancy and outflows may be required. Possible simulation approaches to test some of the principles are briefly discussed. Some limitations of the ``Zeldovich relation'' are also addressed.
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