Functional INAD complexes are required to mediate degeneration in photoreceptors of theDrosophila rdgAmutant

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Abstract
The TRP family of ion channels mediates a wide range of calcium-influx phenomena in eukaryotic cells. Many members of this family are activated downstream of phosphoinositide hydrolysis but the subsequent steps that lead to TRP channel activation in vivo remain unclear. Recently, the lipid products of phosphoinositide hydrolysis (such as diacylglycerol and its metabolites) have been implicated in activating TRP channels in both Drosophila and mammals. In Drosophila photoreceptors, lack of diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) activity (encoded by rdgA) leads to both constitutive TRP-channel activity and retinal degeneration. In this study, using a novel forward-genetic screen, we identified InaD, a multivalent PDZ domain protein as a suppresser of retinal degeneration in rdgA mutants. We show that InaD suppresses rdgA and that the rescue is correlated with reduced levels of phospholipase Cβ (PLCβ), a key enzyme for TRP channel activation. Furthermore, we show that light, Gq and PLCβ all modulate retinal degeneration in rdgA. The results demonstrate a previously unknown requirement for a balance of PLCβ and DGK activity for retinal degeneration in rdgA. They also suggest a key role for the lipid products of phosphoinositide hydrolysis in the activation of TRP channels in vivo.