Transition Probabilities between Laser States in Carbon Dioxide

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Abstract
Radiative transition probabilities were investigated between certain vibrational levels of carbon dioxide. The number of levels studied was restricted to those that are directly or indirectly involved in the observed laser action. Vibrational wavefunctions were determined by diagonalizing large Hamiltonian matrices (up to 30×30). In the Hamiltonian, nonlinear forces were included and the potential energy contained terms up to fourth order in the normal coordinates. The dipole moment as a function of the normal coordinates was determined by comparing certain observed and calculated absorption coefficients. Reasonable agreement is obtained between theory and experiment for most transitions where experimental information is available. The radiative lifetimes of most vibrational levels were calculated to be rather long. Thus, radiative processes cannot account for relaxation times observed in laser action. Relaxation probably takes place during collisions with other molecules or light atoms. From gain measurements it is possible to determine the population difference between laser levels. In Q‐switching experiments, half the energy stored in the upper maser state can be emitted in a short pulse. In thin tubes the energy content of a pulse can be 10−5 J/cm3 of gas used.