Rites of Purification and Their Effects:

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Abstract
In a study conducted over a 5-year period, the author interviewed over 300 Sudanese women and 100 Sudanese men in all walks of life on the physical, emotional and psycho/sexual effects of female genital circumcision and infibulation (Pharaonic circumcision), as it is uniformly practiced in this sexually highly restrictive Afro-Arab Islamic society. Pharaonic circumcision is a culturally embedded practice which is inextricably interwoven with patrilineage, family honor and social position. It is clung to tenaciously by both sexes, although its long term effects are extremely detrimental to the health of girls and women, and thereby the well-being of the entire family. The adverse psychological effects of this practice on women tend to be mitigated by a strong conviction that ~ tpse rformance purifies and ennobles them. Strong marital bondin is common, and Sudanese women are able to come to orgasm !climax) in spite of their genital mutilation.

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