Multiple origins of life.

Abstract
There is some indication that life may have originated readily under primitive earth conditions. If there were multiple origins of life, the result could have been a polyphyletic biota today. Using simple stochastic models for diversification and extinction, the following conclusions are made: the probability of survival of life is low unless there are multiple origins; and given survival of life and given as many as 10 independent origins of life, the odds are that all but 1 would have gone extinct, yielding the current monophyletic biota. The fact of the survival of this particular form of life does not imply that it was unique or superior.

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