Darter Reproductive Seasons

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Abstract
Darters (29) have reproductive intervals demonstrated and geographic variation is shown for 3 spp. [Etheostoma lepidum, E. spectabile, Percina caprodes] based on 10 or more populations. The data from most populations are in accord with an hypothesis of multiple spawning by individual females. The length of darter reproductive seasons varies with latitude. Populations from the southern USA breed over longer intervals than those from more northern locations. Most of the difference is based on earlier initiation in southern than in northern regions; the end of the breeding season tends to be similar at different latitudes. The spawning season is longer in stenothermal habitats than it is in eurythermal habitats (of various latitudes). Photoperiod apparently plays a major role in reproductive initiation and temperature is important in reproductive termination.