The Intrauterine Device and Primary Tubal Infertility

Abstract
In 1985 we reported the results of a population-based study of primary tubal infertility in relation to the previous use of an intrauterine device (IUD).1 Women who had ever used an IUD were found to be at an increased risk of tubal infertility (relative risk, 2.6; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.3 to 5.2), the risk being particularly high among those who had used the Dalkon Shield IUD (relative risk, 6.8; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.8 to 25.2). Although there was an indication of a more moderate increase in risk among users of copper and plastic IUDs, these associations were well within the limits of chance.

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