Abstract
Comparisons of the seasonal history of balsam woolly adelgid, Adelges piceae (Ratzeburg), populations were made at five elevations in the southern Appalachians. Populations in three natural stands of Fraser fir, Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir, above 1,760 m produced two generations in 1983. The adelgids infesting a small plantation of mature fir at 1,219 m emerged from winter diapause a month sooner than those in natural stands, but most of the population completed two generations. A third generation was found in the adelgid population infesting a cultivate Fraser fir Christmas tree plantation at 853 m.

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