Contaminant Propagation in Distribution Systems

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Abstract
The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) of 1974 requires that the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) establish maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) for each contaminant which may have an adverse effect on the health of persons. The SDWA clearly specifies that these MCLs shall be met at the consumers tap. Nevertheless most regulatory concern has been focused on water as it leaves the treatment plant before entering the distribution system. There is, however, growing interest in determining the factors that cause water quality variations in drinking water distribution systems. In order to study this affect, the Drinking Water Research Division of EPA initiated a cooperative agreement with the North Penn Water Authority. This cooperative agreement has resulted in a series of field monitoring and systems modeling studies that lend insight into the movement of contaminants in distribution systems. Previous research has resulted in development of a steady‐state model, a quasi‐steady‐state model and dynamic mode...

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