Abstract
Madder contains purpurin-3-carboxylic acid, which stains bone more strongly than alizarin or purpurin and is mainly responsible for the vital staining of the bones of animals fed on madder. Purpurincarboxylic acid is non-toxic and gives an effective staining in very small doses. It stains certain Ca salts in a similar manner to bone. Methods of preparing purpurincarboxylic acid are given.

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