Different reproductive success at low salinity determines the estuarine distribution of two Palaemon prawn species

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Abstract
The two prawn species Palaemon adspersus Rathke and P. elegans Rathke differ in their distribution patterns in estuaries: P. adspersus occurs at lower salinities and also extends further into the Baltic than P. elegans. Yet, at low salinities adult survival does not differ between the two species. Reproductive success was, however, substantially reduced in P. elegans at low salinity, but not in P. adspersus. Berried P. elegans females from the Swedish west coast hatched significantly fewer clutches at 10%‰ than did P. adspersus females from the same locality. Furthermore, larval survival in P. elegans was significantly lower at 5 and 7.5‰ than in P. adspersus. At higher salinities (10 and 24.5‰) no interspecific differences in larval survival were found, except in one experiment where P. elegans larvae had a lower mortality. It is concluded that the different estuarine distributions of the two palaemonid prawn species result from these interspecific differences in reproductive success at low salinity.