THIS CONFERENCE was sponsored by the American Medical Association in April 1966 to focus the attention of physicians, educators, mental health specialists, and child development experts on how physicians can contribute to the improvement of the mental health of school children. Although recent federal legislation portends significant changes in American education, school systems are relatively unprepared to make effective use of newlyavailable funds. With swelling enrollments and increasing demands for an educated citizenry in an age of complex social problems, the nation needs the assistance of all groups in facilitating the educational process. It particularly needs the aid of professional groups to help direct funds to meaningful programs. The American Medical Association, in holding this conference, took cognizance of the fact that the physician can be particularly helpful in shaping programs, because he has the background, interests, and opportu