Transformation characteristics of the external human ear

Abstract
With an impulse response technique the transfer functions from the free sound field to the ear-canal entrance were measured on 20 subjects for sound incidence from 10 directions of the symmetry plane and 20 directions of the horizontal plane. For each direction, amplitude and phase of these transfer functions were averaged using a technique which yielded mean values still containing the fine structures of single measurements. The transfer function of the ear canal was measured on 3 subjects. The eardrum impedance was then computed from this transfer function, and this established the eardrum impedance in the frequency range of 2-15 kHz.

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