Self and Self-Esteem: Theoretical Foundations and Their Implications for Research
- 1 January 1977
- journal article
- research article
- Published by S. Karger AG in Human Development
- Vol. 20 (3) , 129-140
- https://doi.org/10.1159/000271552
Abstract
The self-concept can be analyzed from a theoretical perspective which has developmental implications, both historically and ontologically. Five stages in the development of the self-concept can be recognized, with a different type of self-esteem being appropriate to each stage. These stages are: the dynamic self; self-as-object; self-as-knower; self-as-integrated-whole; and the ‘selfless’ self. Cognitive growth is seen as underlying passage from stage to stage. Requirements for the measurement of self-esteem vary across stages. These requirements are specified, and approaches to measurement at each level are considered.Keywords
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