Abstract
Microscopic features of Cretaceous oil shales at Julia Creek in northwestern Queensland indicate that the rocks are analogous to the white chalks that characterise much of the Upper Cretaceous sequences elsewhere in the world. Julia Creek oil shales differ, however, in that they formed under anoxic conditions, in which the organic matter and the inorganic secretions (coccoliths) of the plankton have been preserved. No external source of material is required to explain the origin of these rocks; they can be derived almost entirely from the sea biomass.

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