PHYSIOLOGIC RESPONSES OF CERTAIN ANIMALS AND ISOLATED PREPARATIONS TO MIXTURES OF SNAKE VENOM AND EGG YOLK

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Abstract
The mixing and incubation of egg yolk emulsion with all snake venoms studied thus far, resulted in the rapid formation of a product which was called D-L substance which is highly toxic for rabbits, cats and guinea pigs, and less toxic for dogs. The work of Delezenne and Lebedt has thereby been confirmed and extended. The D-L substance is heat-stable in cold. It does not appear to be related to histamine since it is nondialyzable. In addition, its effect on the intact animal is not counteracted by benadryl or epinephrine, and its effect on isolated segments of the intestine of the guinea pig is unlike that of histamine. Various materials such as egg white, milk, lymph, ascitic fluid, lecithin, rabbit brain and rabbit muscle were mixed and incubated with snake venoms, but thus far only egg yolk mixtures have resulted in the appearance of a toxic product. The D-L/ substance caused marked relaxation of the contracted isolated segment of the ileum of the guinea pig. Contractions induced by histamine, acetylcholine or cobra venom were similarly affected. The mode of action of the D-L substance in the intact rabbit and cat, as well as in the isolated heart-lung prepn. of the rabbit was shown to be that of marked occlusive spasm of the entire pulmonary arterial system with the exception of the main trunks. The mode of action in the guinea pig and dog was not conclusively determined. The response of the pulmonary circulation of rabbits dying of anaphylactic shock is indistinguishable from the response to injns. of the D-L substance.
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