The Anti-Phospholipid Syndrome — An Introduction

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Abstract
Many clinicians would now agree that there appears to be a disorder of recurrent arterial or venous thrombosis, recurrent pregnancy losses, and thrombocytopenia associated with the presence of phospholipid binding antibodies. It will be difficult (and probably unnecessary) to determine exactly who first described this disorder. In 1977, Johansson and colleagues reported “a peripheral vascular syndrome overlapping with SLE that consisted of recurrent venous thrombosis, hemorrhagic capillary proliferation, circulating anticoagulants and a false-positive reaction for syphilis”.1 In 1980, Soulier and Boffa also reported a syndrome of repeated thrombosis, miscarriages and a circulating “antithromblastine”.2 Carreras and Vermylen recognized and reviewed the disorder in 1982,3 and Hughes in 1983 described a syndrome of “thrombosis, abortion, cerebral disease and the lupus anticoagulant”.4 In a 1985 editorial,5 Graham Hughes used the term “anti-cardiolipin syndrome” and added clinical features such as livedo reticularis and migraine headaches to his 1983 description.

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