Medical, economic, and social aspects of home care versus hospitalization in treatment of hemophiliacs were assessed in a two-year study. Thirty-six children were divided into two groups. During the first year of study half the patients were hospitalized when bleeding was reported, the other half were treated at home by Home Care, a team of physicians and paramedical personnel. During the second year groups changed assignments, thus each served as its own control. Home Care provided a 24-hour telephone service; treatment was carried out by a nurse at home or school. Results showed that great majority of bleedings did not require hospitalization. No complications were noted. While on Home Care more bleedings were reported and they were reported faster; school attendance was better. Home Care, preferred by children and parents, provided an excellent model for teaching and a new role for a nursepractitioner. Hospital days were reduced by 85%.