Management of Bleeding from the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract

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Abstract
THERE have been two striking changes in the last twenty years in the management of hemorrhage from the upper gastrointestinal tract. Twenty years ago many able clinicians discouraged the giving of blood transfusions while bleeding was active. Today everyone advocates the early and liberal use of blood in any serious hemorrhage. The second change has been the recognition that surgery may have a place in the treatment of active bleeding. Twenty years ago few surgeons were permitted by their medical colleagues even to view a bleeding patient, for fear they might wish to operate.What factors have led to this . . .