Nonadiabatic behavior of the magnetic moment of a charged particle in a dipole magnetic field

Abstract
Nonadiabatic behavior of the magnetic moment of a charged particle in a dipole magnetic field is studied both numerically and analytically in the presence of a low‐frequency electrostatic wave with an azimuthal component. The adiabaticity can be broken as a result of two types of resonance, i.e., the bounce‐E×B drift resonance and the wave‐drift resonance.

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