Regulation of blood glucose concentration: hepatic action of insulin

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Abstract
Insulin was administered intravenously with or without the concurrent infusion of glucose to dogs surgically prepared so that hepatic glucose production could be measured directly. In dogs fed a high protein diet, hepatic glucose output as directly measured did not significantly change on insulin administration. The threshold at which a net hepatic glucose uptake occurred on the administration of a glucose load was unaffected by the presence of insulin. In contrast, in dogs fed a high carbohydrate diet, on the simultaneous infusion of insulin and glucose, a net uptake of glucose by the liver occurred at lower than normal plasma glucose concentrations. Hepatic glucose production was also estimated indirectly by isotopic techniques. A brief decrease in the rate of decline of plasma glucose specific activity was observed following the injection of C14-labeled glucose and then insulin in both protein and carbohydrate-fed animals. The explanation for this phenomenon remains uncertain. It is concluded that dietary status is important in determining the action of insulin on the liver. In dogs fed a high carbohydrate diet an almost immediate and perhaps direct action of insulin on the liver appears demonstrable.

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