Infection of Cultivated Strawberries by Tomato Ringspot Virus

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Abstract
Tomato ringspot virus (TomRSV) was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in commercial strawberry cultivars Lassen, Olympus, Puget Beauty and Sequoia during 19 mo. of growth in a field infested with viruliferous dagger nematodes (Xiphinema americanum). Eighteen cultivars were not infected by TomRSV in this test. Leaf symptoms were unreliable for virus detection; some infected plants were symptomless, but many showed reduced vigor and resembled plants infected by the aphid-borne strawberry viruses. Field symptoms of TomRSV-infected ''Olympus'' often resembled those of Verticillium wilt. In leaflet-grafting tests in the greenhouse, TomRSV from strawberry and raspberry sources infected and caused reduction in vigor in ''Puget Beauty'' within 30 days. Parallel grafts to ''Shasta'' strawberry from both virus sources resulted in the death of infected plants within 30 days, which indicated that differences in strawberry symptomatology were associated with host genotype rather than virus source or mode of inoculation. TomRSV is probably a common, but unassessed, cause of crop loss wherever susceptible strawberry cultivars are planted in fields infested with viruliferous dagger nematodes.

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