Cytoplasmic factors influence mitochondrial reorganization and resumption of cleavage during culture of early mouse embryos

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Abstract
The mitochondrial distribution pattern has been monitored in normally cleaving and developmentally arrested preimplan tatlon mouse embryos in vitro and compared with the distribution found immediately after flushing from the oviduct in vivo. Mitochondria in normally cleaving embryos in vitro and in vivo were found to be homogeneously distributed throughout the cytoplasm of the blastomeres during interphase. In developmentally arrested embryos in vitro the mitochondrla became progressively aggregated and localized in the perinuclear region and the area of the cytocortex immediately adjacent to the plasma membrane. Injection of G2 cell cyde cytoplasmic factor(s) from a cycling 2-cell embryo into an arrested embryo resulted in the re-initiation of normal deavage. Concomitant with the re-initiation of cleavage, a re-distribution of the aggregated mitochondria to the pattern, associated with normally cycling embryos, was observed. Specific mitochondrial translocatiofts to the mitotic spindle were observed during deavage. The results have shown that observation of the mltochoiidrial distribution using the vital stain Rhodamlne 123, provides an accurate and reliable prediction of an embryo's ability to proceed through the next cleavage stage and develop in vitro and suggests that the specific association of mitochondria with the mitotic spindle is a prerequisite for normal deavage.

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