Prospective recipients' estimates of withheld evaluation.

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Abstract
80 male college students estimated their scores on an alleged femininity test. A high score was considered unfavorable. In a 2 X 2 design, scorer orientation, friendly vs. hostile, and withholding of femininity score, permanent vs. temporary, were the independent variables. Dissonance theory predicted that information withheld by a friendly scorer will be perceived as unfavorable; by a hostile scorer, as favorable. A balance-theory (Heider) extension, defining permanent withholding as strong unit formation, predicted an opposite outcome. The results, which supported the balance derivation, contribute to the social psychology of secrecy and to understanding of the effects of withholding scores from participants in testing programs. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)

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