Diapause Induction by Photoperiod and Temperature in the Elm Spanworm 1 Egg Parasitoid, Ooencyrtus sp. 2

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Abstract
Diapause in Ooencyrtus sp. is facultative and occurs near the end of larval development. Photoperiodic induction occurs in the maternal generation and the adult is probably the most important sensitive stage though the pupa is also sensitive. Photoperiod had no effect on the developing larva. The diapause induction curve is of the long-day/short-day type. This is the first report of this type of curve for a species outside of the Lepidoptera. The critical photoperiod at 23°C was between 14 and 15 h of light per day. Low temperature (18°C) which was independent of photoperiods induced diapause by acting directly on the developing larva. Diapause was not induced at 28°C at either 16-h or 12-h photophases. The number of adult generations is determined in large part by the photoperiod to which the adults are exposed. This species may have three generations a year in Connecticut.

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