Requirement of S-adenosyl-L-methionine-mediated methylation for human monocyte chemotaxis.

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Abstract
The chemotactic response of motile bacteria requires the methylation of specific proteins by S-adenosyl-L-methionine. To determine whether methylation is required for the chemotaxis of human leukocytes, the effects of inhibition of S-adenosyl-L-methionine-mediated methylation on monocyte chemotactic responsiveness were studied. Methylation was inhibited in monocytes by treating the cells with substances that produced elevations in intracellular S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine, a competitive inhibitor of S-adenosyl-L-methionine methylation. Treatment of isolated monocytes with the adenosine deaminase inhibitor, erythro-9-2(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine, plus exogenous adenosine and L-homocysteine thiolactone increased intracellular S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine levels by as much as 1500-fold. Concomitant with increases in S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine were a decrease in monocyte protein carboxy-O-methylation as well as a marked inhibition of monocyte chemotactic responsiveness. Conditions that almost completely inhibited methylation and chemotaxis did not depress monocyte phagocytosis, indicating that this latter function either is independent of S-adenosyl-L-methionine-mediated methylation or is extremely resistant to inhibition of such reactions by S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. S-adenosyl-L-methionine-mediated methylation is apparently required for the chemotaxis of eukaryotic cells, and the chemotactic and phagocytic functions of human monocytes apparently have different requirements for methylation.