Ontogeny of an Extracellular Matrix Component of Sea Urchins and its Role in Morphogenesis

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Abstract
A monoclonal antibody, Sp14, recognizes fibers that form a complex meshwork within the blastocoel of embryos of the sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. The fibers first appear as the blastocoel begins to form and increase in density throughout development. Ultrastructural localizations using the immunoperoxidase method show bundles of 20 nm fibers that are continuous with the basal lamina and have an indistinct axial periodicity. Embryos treated with tunicamycin, .beta.-D-xylopyranoside, .beta.-aminoproprionitrile, proline analogues, or deprived of sulfate all form immunoreactive fibers although in some treatments the pattern formed is abnormal. Immunoreactivity of extracted fibers is not affected by digestion with chondroitinase ABC, hyaluronidase, collagenase or heparinase. However, proteinase K readily destroys immunoreactivity. Fibers will form in cultures of micromeres or mesenchyme 24 to 48 hr after plating with or without horse serum. In embryos in which the blastocoelar matrix has been altered by injection with Sp14, there is inhibition of the release of secondary mesenchyme from the tip of the archenteron and in some embryos supernumerary skeletal elements are formed. It is proposed that Sp14 recognizes a component of the blastocoelar extracellular matrix that is required for the migration of mesenchyme.