Depressed index substrate tubes to eliminate leaky-mode losses in single-mode fibers

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Abstract
Silica tubing to be used as substrate tubes for MCVD has was demonstrated for a fiber having only one-fourth the deposited clad-merical tubing in that it is both dehydrated and fluorinated during processing to yield a silica which is dry and whose refractive index is lower than that of silica. These tubes are advantageously used to prepare single-mode fibers having fluorinated-silica cladding which controls dispersion and reduces scattering losses. In this case, the refractive index of the deposited cladding can be matched to that of the outer tube thus avoiding leaky-mode losses commonly encountered in depressed-index clad fibers. Using such an approach, low loss (0.28 dB/km at 1.55 μm) was demonstrated for a fiber having only one-fourth the deposited cladding required when a commercial silica tube is used. Such tubes could provide ecomomies to the processing of and the performance of complex cladding single-mode structures and impact multimode fiber designs.