Histological and Regenerative Studies on the Flax Seedling

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Abstract
Seed germination and seedling development of Linum usitatissimum are described. The primary root develops in a regular manner by clearly defined histogens. Histologically the primary, lateral, and adventitious roots are essentially alike. The histogens of lateral roots take form very early by regular divisions of the pericycle of the primary root. In the formation of lateral and adventitious roots the endo-dermis becomes active and forms a single layer of cells about the root cap. A root-cotyledon type of transition occurs in the hypocotyl and base of the cotyledons. The primary vascular system of the hypocotyl is ephemeral. Seedlings severed in the hypocotyl produced adventitious shoots which originated from epidermal cells. Adventitious roots from cuttings of the hypocotyl originated from the stele. Cuttings from cotyledons produced roots from parenchymatous cells on the adaxial side of the larger veins. Cuttings of the cotyledons produced secondary tissues but never produced shoots. A leaf primordium arises from tissues of at least the 3 outermost cell layers and at first forms a conical mass. Later the leaf is composed of about 7 more or less regularly arranged rows of cells. Of the leaf the tip is the first to mature, the base the last, with the midrib region differentiating sooner than the marginal.

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