Dispersion and luminescence measurements of optical waveguides

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Abstract
Measurements are reported for the dispersion curves in the visible wavelength range of a variety of optical waveguides. Waveguides were formed in LiNbO3 and LiTaO3 by the implantation of helium ions. The radiation damage reduces the refractive index in both materials by about 12% throughout the visible region. This is thought to result from amorphization of the lattice. Waveguides formed by impurity enhancement of the refractive index were measured in soda lime glass doped by ion exchange of Li, K, Rb, Cs, or Ag. In each case the percentage increase in index was wavelength dependent. In particular, the Ag ion exchange waveguides have features attributed to colloidal silver metal. The metal colloids give both dispersion anomalies and a red luminescence. The luminescence was used to measure the losses in the waveguide.

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