YOHIMBINE HYDROCHLORIDE AS AN ANTAGONIST TO XYLAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE–KETAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE IMMOBILIZATION OF WHITE-TAILED DEER

Abstract
Thirteen captive and one free-ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus viginianus) were immobilized one to six times each with ketamine hydrochloride and xylazine hydrochloride during winter and spring in northern Minnesota [USA]. Administration of 0.09 to 0.53 mg of yohimbine hydrochloride per kg IV after each trial reversed the immobilization. The deer raised their heads within a median time of 2.0 min, stood in 6.0 min and walked away in 9.5 min. No adverse side effects were observed for several weeks following the immobilization.