Neurohumors as Chromatophore Activators

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Abstract
A review of our knowledge of chromatophore behavior in Crustacea, amphibia, reptiles, elasmobranchs, and teleosts. The evidence for the blanching and darkening effects of blood-carried hydrohumors (water soluble) elaborated by eye stalk, pituitary, or adrenal glands is cited, as also that for similar but slower effects by diffusing lipo-humors (fat and ether soluble) presumably elaborated at the junction of nerves with the chromatophore effectors. A wide range of forms investigated reveals varying mechanisms of chromatophore activation, involving the greater or lesser roles of hydrohumors acting through the blood stream and nerves whose action is apparently mediated by the liberation of lipohumors at the synapse. The reference list includes 196 titles.