Elastic Jump in Male Urethra During Voiding: Clinical Observations in Male Subjects and Experimental Studies in Dogs

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Abstract
A physical phenomenon known as elastic jump occurs downstream of an elastic constriction applied to a collapsible tube. This flow anomaly is analogous to the hydraulic jump that occurs in surface flows. Some investigators have predicted that an elastic jump could occur in the male urethra (during voiding) in the cavernous segment between constrictions at the membranous and meatal regions. To identify and understand this flow anomaly, and to obtain clinical correlations in human male subjects we have attempted several radiological and urodynamic studies in normal and abnormal subjects. The studies were retrograde urethrography, voiding cystourethrography, static pressure recordings during voiding and uroflowmetry. Retrograde urethrography was believed to delineate accurately the anatomy of the bulbous urethra. Voiding cystourethrography showed the geometry of the functional bulb. Our observations in 43 male subjects suggest that the site and degree of elastic jump depend on the severity of bladder neck or prostatic obstruction, magnitude of detrusor pressure (energy) during voiding, degree of distal constriction and position in which the subject voids. The animal studies (23 dogs) confirmed our clinical urodynamic impression.